Between tradition and modernity: PAS’ rejection of Islam Hadhari and Islam Madani in light of contemporary Islamic thought
Malaysia’s Islamic intellectual development has been significantly shaped by two landmark frameworks: Islam Hadhari, introduced by Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and Islam Madani, pioneered by Dato’ Seri Anwar Ibrahim. Both paradigms were conceived not as new religions or ideologies, but as strategic efforts to manifest Islamic values in governance, economics, education, and societal harmony. Yet,…